7.2 Aspects Of Comparative study

1.Cross cultural Comparison
2.Cross National Comparison
3.Cross temporal Comparison
4.Sub National Comparison
5.Supra National Comparison

CROSS CULTURAL COMPARISON

• During the course of evolution of CPA, various kinds of Comparative studies have been emphasised.
• In 1960 CPA started with cross cultural comparison as the most relevant comparison.
• It was a natural requirement of those times because there were suddenly a large number of newly independent countries after second world war and they were underdeveloped;

• And developing culture would reach from the experience already gained and the robust models and good practices of development already existing in developed countries which could be potentially learnt via comparison.

CROSS NATIONAL COMPARISON

• Cross national comparison involve one to one comparison between one nation's admtv system to another .

• Way back in late 19th century founding father of administrative system like wilson had benefitted from a one one comparison between german and US Administrative system more specifically Newyork admtv system was based on comparative learning from berlin and london to an extent.

• However. during peak period of CPA in 1960's instead of one to one comparison between two nations, the comparison between developed and underdeveloped group was considered more informative.

• Therefore, cross cultural comparison became more popular.

 CROSS TEMPORAL COMPARISON

• Cross temporal comparison involve comparison of same administrative unit but across two different time period /ecology for example-Indian Admin during Chankya, Mughal, Colonial Period.
• The idea is to learn about comparative strength and weakness of each era so that today administration can benefit from accumulating those strength if possible.

• Similarly comparison of Indian Administration between pre and post LPG is very popular 

• Comparative research with objective of understanding change in nature of Indian Adminisatration and evaluating the progress of LPG reforms.

SUBNATIONAL COMPARISON

• Subnational comparison has emerged as very useful new dimension of comparative study in last three decades or so.
• Its a testimony to the realisation of tremendous diversities within a particular country that sometimes exist and poses hetrogeneous and complex challneges.

• In India for example the administarive challneges are very diverse across states like haryana, kerala , jharkhand and Orissa.As a result it becomes imperative for policy planners and administrative officials to take coognisance of subnational diversities and follow policy model which permit decentralised planning, autonomous policies, local context specific schemes etc.

• For ex-14th FC increased the share of untied funds going to state by 10% by 2015 from 32% to 42% and NITI ayog has emphasised a bottom up approach of public administartion instead of following a one size fits all approach,

SUPRANATIONAL COMPARISON

• In recent times, Supra national compariosn have become relevant because of emergence and importance of many regional and trading block like SAARC, ASEAN , EU etc,

• These groups of nation often have certain growth strategies and policy thrusts which may also often hold lesson for other groups.
• Thus, the aim of CPA to any of these comparative strategies is to fecilitate comparative learning with contextual sensitivity.
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• The idea is "Anyone can learn from anyone."